lmu pengetahuan muncul sebagai akibat dari aktivitas untuk
pemenuh kebutuhan hidup manusia,baik kebutuhan jasmani maupun kebutuhan rohani.
Kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi tidak dapat bisa di pisahkan dari
lembaga pendidikan. Dimana pada abad 20 peran ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi
sangat berarti bagi lembaga pendidikan. Sehingga pada abad 20 mampu mendorong
lebih cepat dalam industri. Informasi,komunikasi,transportasi dan pertanian.
Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi di Indonesia
tertinggal jauh dan sangat memprihatinkan dibanding Negara-negara Eropa dan
Amerika Serikat bahkan pula di Negara-negara Asia misalnya Jepang dan China.
Hal ini disebabkan karena :
1. Masih terbatasnya orang indonesia yang mendapat pendidikan barat terutama
pendidikan tinggi.
2. Kurangnya keinginan dari pemerintah maupun perusahaan swasta yang ada di
Indonesia untuk melakukan ahli teknologi
3. Tidak adanya inovasi teknologi yang berarti di dalam masyarakat indonesia
itu sendiri,ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi di indonesia mulai berkembang dimana
ditandai dangan adanya perguruan tinggi dan pusat-pusat penelitian seperti
lembaga ilmu pengetahuan (LIPI) dan juga badan pengkajian dan penerapan tek
nologi (BPPT)
Realita yang memprihatinkan itu bukan dilihat dari prestasi beberapa bidang
IPTEK yang telah di capai seperti temuan aplikasi teknologi DNA,temuan bibit
padi unggul,temuan vector medan laju percepatan gerak lempeng
teknologi,rancangan banunan pesawat remotely pilotely piloted vehicle,
memperoleh penghargaan internasional fellowship L’oreal-unesco for woman in
science,mendapat medali emas pada internasiaonal exhibition of invention new
techninique and peroduct memperoleh the first to nobel prize di bidang fisika
tingkat SMA , hingga temuan nutrisi baru yang di sebut saputra, yang memang
semua itu perlu di syukuri . Tetapi keprihatinan itu muncul pergerakan dampak
perkembangan IPTEK itu memang tidak segaris lurus dangan pencipta kesejahteraan
masyarakat dalam rangka kebijakan IPTEK secara nasional, perkembangan ilmu
pengetahuan indonesia
lmu pengetahuan muncul sebagai akibat dari aktivitas untuk
pemenuh kebutuhan hidup manusia,baik kebutuhan jasmani maupun kebutuhan rohani.
Kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi tidak dapat bisa di pisahkan dari
lembaga pendidikan. Dimana pada abad 20 peran ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi
sangat berarti bagi lembaga pendidikan. Sehingga pada abad 20 mampu mendorong
lebih cepat dalam industri. Informasi,komunikasi,transportasi dan pertanian.
Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi di Indonesia
tertinggal jauh dan sangat memprihatinkan dibanding Negara-negara Eropa dan
Amerika Serikat bahkan pula di Negara-negara Asia misalnya Jepang dan China.
Hal ini disebabkan karena :
1. Masih terbatasnya orang indonesia yang mendapat pendidikan barat terutama
pendidikan tinggi.
2. Kurangnya keinginan dari pemerintah maupun perusahaan swasta yang ada di
Indonesia untuk melakukan ahli teknologi
3. Tidak adanya inovasi teknologi yang berarti di dalam masyarakat indonesia
itu sendiri,ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi di indonesia mulai berkembang dimana
ditandai dangan adanya perguruan tinggi dan pusat-pusat penelitian seperti
lembaga ilmu pengetahuan (LIPI) dan juga badan pengkajian dan penerapan tek
nologi (BPPT)
Realita yang memprihatinkan itu bukan dilihat dari prestasi beberapa bidang
IPTEK yang telah di capai seperti temuan aplikasi teknologi DNA,temuan bibit
padi unggul,temuan vector medan laju percepatan gerak lempeng
teknologi,rancangan banunan pesawat remotely pilotely piloted vehicle,
memperoleh penghargaan internasional fellowship L’oreal-unesco for woman in
science,mendapat medali emas pada internasiaonal exhibition of invention new
techninique and peroduct memperoleh the first to nobel prize di bidang fisika
tingkat SMA , hingga temuan nutrisi baru yang di sebut saputra, yang memang
semua itu perlu di syukuri . Tetapi keprihatinan itu muncul pergerakan dampak
perkembangan IPTEK itu memang tidak segaris lurus dangan pencipta kesejahteraan
masyarakat dalam rangka kebijakan IPTEK secara nasional, perkembangan ilmu
pengetahuan indonesia
Universitas
Muhammadiyah Malang (UMM)
adalah perguruan tinggi swasta terakreditasi "A",
yang berpusat di kampus III terpadu Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Jalan Raya
Tlogomas 246 Kota Malang, Jawa Timur.
Universitas
yang berdiri pada tahun 1964
ini berinduk pada organisasi Muhammadiyah dan merupakan perguruan tinggi
Muhammadiyah terbesar di Jawa Timur. UMM termasuk dalam jajaran PTS terkemuka di Indonesia. Oleh
karena didominasi warna dinding putih, UMM sering disebut sebagai kampus
putih
UMM
merupakan salah satu universitas yang tumbuh cepat, sehingga oleh PP Muhammadiyah
diberi amanat sebagai perguruan tinggi pembina untuk seluruh PTM (Perguruan Tinggi Muhammadiyah) wilayah Indonesia
Timur. Program-program yang didisain dengan cermat menjadikan UMM sebagai
"The Real University", yaitu universitas yang benar-benar universitas
dalam artian sebagai institusi pendidikan tinggi yang selalu komit dalam
mengembangkan Tri Darma Perguruan Tinggi
Pada
sekarang ini Universitas
Muhammadiyah Malang (UMM) menempati 3 lokasi kampus, yaitu kampus I di Jalan
Bandung 1, kampus II di Jalan Bendungan Sutami 188 A dan kampus III di Jalan
Raya Tlogomas 246. Kampus satu yang merupakan cikal bakal UMM, dan sekarang ini
dikonsentrasikan untuk program Pasca Sarjana. Sedangkan kampus II yang dulu
merupakan pusat kegiatan utama , sekarang di konsentrasikan sebagai kampus
Fakultas Kedokteran dan Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan. Sedangkan kampus III sebagai
kampus terpadu dijadikan sebagai pusat sari seluruh aktivitas. Universitas
Muhammadiyah Malang juga memiliki beberapa jurusan yang di bagi di tiga kampus
yang berbedan diantaranya :
3 Program Diploma,
Program D-3 Keperawatan (terakreditasi B)
Program D-3 Elektronika (terakreditasi B)
Program D-3 Keuangan dan Perbankan (terakreditasi B)
Program Sarjana (S1)
Terdapat
10 Fakuktas yang terdiri dari 34 Program Studi Sarjana, antara lain:
Fakultas Agama Islam
Pendidikan Agama
Islam (Tarbiyah) (terakreditasi A)
Ahwal Al-Syakhshiyah
(Syari'ah) (terakreditasi B)
Ekonomi Syari'ah
(prodi baru, proses akreditasi)
Fakultas Ilmu Sosial
dan Ilmu Politik
Ilmu Kesejahteraan
Sosial (KESOS) (terakreditasi B)
Ilmu Komunikasi
(terakreditasi A)
Ilmu Pemerintahan
(terakreditasi A)
Sosiologi
(terakreditasi A)
Ilmu Hubungan Internasional
(HI) (terakreditasi C)
Fakultas Ekonomi dan
Bisnis
Manajemen
(terakreditasi A)
Akuntansi
(terakreditasi A)
Ekonomi Pembangunan
(terakreditasi B)
Fakultas Keguruan dan
Ilmu Pendidikan
Pendidikan Matematika
(terakreditasi B)
Pendidikan Biologi (terakreditasi
A)
Pendidikan Bahasa
& Sastra Indonesia (terakreditasi B)
Pend. Pancasila &
Kewarganegaraan (terakreditasi B)
Pendidikan Bahasa
Inggris (terakreditasi A)
Pend. Guru Sekolah
Dasar (PGSD) (terakreditasi C)
Fakultas Teknik
Teknik Mesin (terakreditasi
B)
Teknik Sipil
(terakreditasi B)
Teknik Elektro
(terakreditasi B)
Teknik Industri
(terakreditasi C)
Teknik Informatika
(terakreditasi C)
Fakultas Pertanian
dan Peternakan
Agroteknologi /
Agronomi (terakreditasi A)
Sosial Ekonomi
Pertanian (Agribisnis) (terakreditasi B)
Ilmu dan Teknologi
Pangan (ITP) (terakreditasi B)
Kehutanan
(terakreditasi B)
Peternakan
(terakreditasi A)
Budidaya Perairan
(Perikanan) (terakreditasi A)
Fakultas Psikologi
Psikologi
(terakreditasi A)
Fakultas Hukum
Ilmu Hukum (terakreditasi
A)
Fakultas Kedokteran
Pendidikan Dokter
(terakreditasi B)
Fakultas Ilmu-Ilmu
Kesehatan
Ilmu Keperawatan
(terakreditasi C)
Farmasi
(terakreditasi B)
Fisioterapi (prodi
baru, proses akreditasi)
Program Magister (S2)
Terdiri
dari 9 Program Magister, antara lain:
Magister Manajemen
(terakreditasi B)
Magister Agama Islam
(terakreditasi A)
Magister Hukum
(terakreditasi B)
Magister Kebijakan
Pendidikan (terakreditasi B)
Magister Psikologi
Sains (terakreditasi B)
Magister Sosiologi
(terakreditasi A)
Magister Agribisnis
(terakreditasi B)
Magister Pendidikan
Matematika (prodi baru, proses akreditasi)
Magister Pendidikan
Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia (prodi baru, proses akreditasi)
Program Doktoral (S3)
Terdiri
dari 2 Program Doktoral, antara lain:
Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu
Politik (terakreditasi C)
Pendidikan Agama
Islam (prodi baru, proses akreditasi)
Pendidikan Profesi
Terdiri
dari 7 Program Pendidikan Profesi, antara lain:
Dokter (dr.)
Perawat / Profesi
Ners (Ns.)
Farmasi / Profesi
Apoteker (Apt.)
Akuntansi / Profesi
Akuntan (Ak.)
Pendidikan Advokad
Fisioterapis (Physio)
Psikolog (M.Psi)
sumber : http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Muhammadiyah_Malang
Information technology is a technology that is used to
process the data, including processing, obtain, compile, store, manipulate data
in different ways to produce quality information, the information is relevant,
accurate and timely, which is used for personal, business, and government and
is a strategic information for decision making. This
technology uses a computer to process the data, the network system to connect
one computer to another computer as needed, and the use of telecommunications
technology so that data can be distributed and accessed globally.
Roles that can be assigned by the application of this
technology is to get information for personal life such as information about
health, hobbies, recreation, and spiritual. Then for professions such as
science, technology, trade, business news, and professional associations. Means
of cooperation between individuals or groups with one person or a group of
others without knowing the limits of distance and time, country, race, economic
class, ideology or other factors that may inhibit exchange ideas.
Development of Information Technology spur a new way of
life, from the beginning until the end of life, life as it is known by e-life,
meaning of life has been influenced by a variety of electronic needs. And now
these are lively with various letters that start with the prefix e, like
e-commerce, e-government, e-education, e-library, e-journals, e-medicine,
e-laboratory, e-biodiversitiy, and others again based electronics.
Evolution of the Global Economy Until two hundred years ago the world economy is agrarian
in which one of its main characteristics is the ground is the most dominant
factor. After the industrial revolution, the invention of the steam engine, the
global economy has evolved toward an industrial economy with capital as its
main characteristic is the most important factor of production. By the turn of
the century now inl, humans tend to occupy a central place in the production
process, because the economic phase we are moving into is based on knowledge
(knowledge based) and focuses on the information (information focused). In this
case the role of telecommunications and information technology as a key
technology (technology enabler).
Advances in information technology and telecommunications
so rapidly, allowing the implementation of new ways for more efficient
production, distribution and consumption of goods and services. It is this
process that brings people into the Society or Information Economy. This new
community is also often referred to as the post-industrial society.
Whatever you call it, in the information age, physical
distance or geographical distance is no longer a factor in human relations or
inter-agency effort, so that the universe becomes a hamlet universe or
"Global village". So often we hear the term "distance is
dead" or "distance is dead" increasingly real truth.
Role of Information Technology In our lives in the future, information technology and
telecommunications sector is the most dominant sector. Anyone who mastered this
technology, then he will be a leader in his world. Information technology plays
a role in many areas, among others:
Education (e-education) Globalization has triggered a shift in education from
conventional education face toward a more open education (Mukhopadhyay M.,
1995). As an example we look at the French project "Flexible
Learning". This is reminiscent of Ivan Illich forecast early 70s on
"Education without school (Deschooling Socieiy)" which is extreme
teacher is no longer needed. Prophecy scholars as follows: 1. Bishop G. (1989) predicted that the future of education
will be supple (flexible), open, and accessible to anyone who requires no view
factor type, age, and previous educational experience. 2. Mason R. (1994) argue that the future of education will
be determined by the information network that allows interaction and
collaboration, rather than building schools. However, technology will continue
to widen the gap between rich and poor in. 3. Tony Bates (1995) states that technology can improve
the quality and range when used wisely for education and training, and has
great significance for the economic well-being. 4. Alisjahbana I. (1966) suggested that the approach to
education and training will be "At that moment (Just on Time)". New
teaching techniques will be two-way, collaborative, and inter-disciplinary. 5. Romiszowski & Mason (1996) predicts the use of
"Computer-based Multimedia Communication (CMC), which are synchronous and
asynchronous.
Of the forecast and the views of scholars above it can be
concluded that with the influence of globalization, the future of education
will be more open and two-way, diverse, multidisciplinary, and productivity
related to work "on the spot and competitive.
Trend of education in Indonesia in the future are: Development of open education by distance learning mode
(Distance Learning). Easy to hold open and distance education should be
included as a key strategy.
Resource sharing between agencies with education /
training within a network. Libraries and other educational instruments (teachers,
laboratories) changed into resources rather than a bookshelf.
The use of interactive information technology devices,
such as CD-ROM Multimedia, in education gradually replace TV and Video.
With the development of information technology in
education, so when it is already possible to place a distance learning by using
the internet to connect between students and lecturers, see the value of online
students, financial checks, view class schedules, send the task assigned
faculty and so on, all of it had to do. A major factor in distance learning
which has been considered a problem is the lack of interaction between faculty
and students. However, with the internet media is very possible to make the
interaction between faculty and students in the form of real time (real time)
or not. In the form of real time can be done for example in a chatroom, direct
interaction with real audio or real video, and online meetings. Its not real
time can be done by mailing lists, discussion groups, newsgroups, and bulletin
board. With the above faculty and student interaction in the classroom may be
replaced, although not 100%. Material forms, exams, quizzes and other
educational means can also be implemented into the web, like material made in
the form of faculty presentations on the web and can be downloaded by the
students. Similarly, the exams and quizzes created by faculty can also be done
in the same way. Administrative settlement can also be solved directly in the
registration process, let alone supported with online payment methods.
A web-based distance education, among others, should have
the following elements: Student activity center; as a web-based distance learning
community should be able to make this facility as a place for student activities,
which can increase the ability of students, reading course material, looking
for information and so on.
Interaction within the group; Students can interact with
each other to discuss the materials provided lecturers. Lecturers can be
present in this group to give a little review of the material provided.
Student administration system; whereby students can view
information about the status of students, student achievement, and so on.
Deepening of the material and exams; Usually professors
often hold short quiz and assignments aimed at deepening of what has been
taught and do a test at the end of the study period. It should also be
anticipated by web-based distance learning.
Digital Libraries; In this section, there are a variety of
library information, are not limited to books but also on digital libraries
such as sound, images and so on. This section is to support and shape database.
Online material beyond the course material; To support the
lectures, reading materials are also needed from other web. Therefore in this
section, faculty and students can be directly involved in providing other
materials for publication to other students via the web.
Embody the ideas and wishes of the above in the form of
reality is not an easy task but if we look to other countries that have long
developed a web-based distance learning, have a lot of institutions that use
this method. Not only the skills possessed by engineers who needed but also a
variety of policies in the field of education greatly influences its
development. If the views of readiness means of support such as hardware, it
seems that this is not in doubt. Only one who has always been a main concern of
Internet users in Indonesia, namely the problem of bandwidth, of course, with
the limited bandwidth reduces comfort especially on non-text based materials.
Abroad, particularly in developed countries, distance education has been a
fairly popular alternative education. Educational method followed by students,
employees, executives, housewives and even elderly people (pensioners). Several
years ago the exchange of material done by correspondence, or equipped with
audio and video material. Currently, almost all distance learning programs in
America, Australia and Europe can also be accessed via the internet. Studies
conducted by the United States, strongly supports the development of
e-learning, computer based learning state that is very effective, enabling
better education 30%, 40% less time and 30% lower cost. The World Bank (World
Bank) in 1997 has announced the Global Distance Learning Network (GDLN), which
has as many as 80 partner countries in the world. Through GDLN is the World
Bank can provide e-learning to students 5 times more (from 30 to 150 students)
and costs 31% less.
In the global era, scholarship offer appearing on the
internet. For most students in the world, the tuition fee for obtaining the
best education is generally still considered expensive. Very unfortunate if
there are students who are good in its class can not go to school simply
because they can not pay tuition. Scholarship information is the key to success
can help the potential student.
In the Government Sector (e-government) E-government refers to the use of information technology
by the government, such as using the intranet and the Internet, which has the
ability to connect the needs of the population, business, and other activities.
Could be a business transaction process between the public and the government
through system automation and internet networks, more commonly known as the
world wide web. At the core of e-government is the use of information
technology can improve the relationship between the government and other
parties. use of information technology is then produced new forms of
relationships such as: G2C (Governmet to Citizen), G2B (Government to Business)
and G2G (Government to Government).
The benefits of e-government that can be felt, among
others: Service with better service to the community. Information
can be provided 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, without having to wait for the
opening of the office. Information can be sought from the office, home, without
having to physically come to the administration office.
Improved relations between the government, businesses, and
the general public. Openness (transparency) it is expected that the
relationship between the various parties for the better. This openness
eliminate mutual distrust and resentment on all sides.
Community empowerment through information easily obtained.
With sufficient information, the public will learn to be able to make their
choice. For example, data about the school: the number of classes, student
capacity, passing grade, and so on, can be displayed online and are used by
parents to choose the right school for their children.
Implementation of a more efficient government. For
example, government coordination can be done via e-mail or even video
conferencing. For Indonesia, the area is very large, it is very helpful.
Question and answer, coordination, discussions between local leaders can do
without all must be on the same physical location. No longer any need to fly to
Jakarta for a meeting that lasted only one or two hours.
Public demands for good governance is urgent to be
implemented by the government apparatus. One solution that is needed is
integration of government administration system through a network of on-line
information systems among agencies at the central and local governments to
access all the data and information especially related to public service. In
the government sector, the changing strategic environment and technological
advancements encourage government officials to anticipate the new paradigm with
efforts to improve the performance of the bureaucracy and improving services
towards the realization of good governance (good govermance). The important
thing to consider is the government sector is a driver and facilitator in the
success of development activities, therefore the success of the development
should be supported by current velocity data and information between agencies
to enable the integration of the system of government and the use of other
parties. Efforts to accelerate the implementation of e-Government, still have
problem because currently not all menyelenggarakannya area. Moreover, there is
still a perception of e-Government simply create a web site only socialization
is not performing optimally. But based on Instruction, the construction of an
integrated government information system will be realized until the year 2005.
However the most important thing is to remove any opinion that the
implementation of e-Government considers this as a project, but is a system
that will integrate subsystems spread across regions and departments.
Finance and Banking Currently, many economic actors, especially in the big
cities that no longer use cash in payment transactions, but have used modern
banking services.
Modern banking services that exist only in the big cities
is understandable because of the current economic growth is still concentrated
in large cities only, which causes the velocity of money is also concentrated
in the big cities. So that the banking sector was rather slow in its expansion
into the regions. This is somewhat due to the current state of infrastructure
in addition to the geographical aspects of Indonesia's unique and extensive.
To support the successful operations of a financial
institution / bank such as banks, certainly needed a reliable information
system that can be easily accessed by its clients, which in turn will depend on
the technology of information online, for example, a customer can withdraw
money wherever it is located as long as No ATM of the bank, or a customer can
check balances and transfer money to another account in a matter of minutes,
all transactions can be done.
Telematics technology and infrastructure development in
Indonesia will greatly help the development of industries in the financial
sector, such as expanding the scope of business by opening branches in the
region, as well as the exchange of information among insurance companies,
brokerage, banking, and other financial institutions.
Banking and financial institutions have been strongly
influenced by the development in information technology products, even they can
not operate again without the presence of information technology. This sector
requires product development in information technology to deliver their
services to their customers. Information systems development programs in Indonesia Developing of information system programs (programs
16/06/01) intended to develop the information systems needed to improve the
inclusion of information on science and technology that occurred in the
international community, facilitate the exchange and dissemination of
information science and technology, as well as improve the planning,
management, monitoring activities and the advancement of science and
technology.
The development of information technology Indonesia is
strongly influenced by the human resource capacity in the understanding of
information technology components, such as hardware and computer software;
system network either LAN or WAN and telecommunication systems that will be
used to transfer data. The need for energy-based information technology
continues to increase: this can be seen by the many types of jobs that require
skills in the field of information technology in various fields and also the
number of capable human resources in the field of information technology is
still small, when compared with the total population of Indonesia. Needed a national information technology framework
that will bring people of Indonesia is ready to face the AFTA 2003 to provide
universal access to information to the public in a fair and equitable, improve
coordination and optimal utilization of information, increasing efficiency and
productivity, improve the quality and quantity of human resources, increase the
utilization of information technology infrastructure, including the
implementation of legislation to support it; encourage economic growth in the
use and development of information technology.
Finally, Asean free trade era really true that we are
familiar with the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) came into effect in the year
2003. This is one reality that real
globalization of the world economy. National
economic integration with the regional economy / global as AFTA, APEC, WTO /
GATT can not be avoided. Like it or not, like it or not, the fact is the
integration of the world economy had to be faced
